Data Science: How California is Leading the Charge in Data Science for Education

WHY DATA LITERACY IS VITAL FOR STUDENTS OF ALL AGES

Every second, Google processes about 99,000 searches, underscoring the vast quantity of data accessible at our fingertips (Flensted 2024). The amount of data in our world has grown exponentially over the last few decades, showing no signs of slowing down. From the job market to everyday life, our opportunities, decisions, and experiences are increasingly shaped by how we interact with data.

DATA LITERACY: ESSENTIAL FOR STUDENT SUCCESS

Today’s students must be equipped with the skills to collect, organize, interpret, and communicate data. This is not only essential for navigating modern society but also critical for meeting the demands of the workforce. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, data science and statistics occupations are projected to grow by 35% and 32%, respectively, from 2022 to 2032 ("Occupations" 2023). Furthermore, data literacy and data science skills are essential in many sectors, including technology, healthcare, agriculture, and finance. Students also need data literacy to make informed decisions in their personal lives, such as financial planning, health care, and more.

However, research shows a concerning decline in students' data literacy. The Data Science for Everyone (DS4E) coalition recently found that students' performance in data literacy, especially in Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability, has dropped significantly, particularly since the pandemic. The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) revealed that from 2011–2022, data literacy scores dropped by 10 points for fourth graders and 17 points for eighth graders (Drozda 2023). This is part of a longer-term trend, and the decline is most pronounced among historically underrepresented groups such as Black and low-income students. In addition to lower achievement, students' interest in math has also been on the decline as they progress through their education. These trends can be attributed to outdated curricula that have not kept up with the rapid advancements in data and technology (Drozda 2023).

CALIFORNIA'S MATHEMATICS FRAMEWORK AND DATA LITERACY

The Mathematics Framework for California Public Schools highlights the importance of integrating data literacy into the TK–8 curriculum. It emphasizes not only mathematical proficiency but also the need for students to develop critical-thinking skills in data analysis, interpretation, and ethical considerations surrounding data. It advocates for a more inclusive approach to data science education that helps students of all backgrounds engage with complex datasets and develop a deeper understanding of how data impacts their lives. Specifically, the Mathematics Framework encourages introducing students to data science concepts at a young age, promoting exposure to a variety of data visualizations, and integrating real-world data into classroom activities.

WHAT THE MATHEMATICS FRAMEWORK REQUIRES

1. Early Exposure: Introduce students to data science concepts at an early age and encourage students to work with a variety of data visualizations and real-world data to build their analytical skills.
   
   
2. Diverse Data Representations: Expose students to a wide range of data displays, including traditional graphs (like bar and line graphs) and more complex visualizations involving multiple variables. This prepares students to interpret data in various formats and contexts.
   
   
3. Critical Thinking: Develop students' ability to analyze and question data. The Mathematics Framework encourages activities that allow students to explore data, ask questions, and understand both the data and the process by which it was collected.
   
   
4. Cross-Disciplinary Connections: Connect content to other subject areas such as science, history, and social studies, reinforcing that data analysis is relevant across disciplines. This interdisciplinary approach helps students see how data is used in different contexts.
   
   
5. Ethics and Data Use: Teach students about the ethical implications of data use, including issues like privacy, bias, and data manipulation. 6. Progressive Skill Development: Develop data literacy skills progressively throughout TK–8 education. Curricula should provide increasingly complex data-related tasks as students advance through the grades.

By integrating data science and data literacy early on in their education, students become proficient in using and understanding data, preparing them for the demands of a data-driven world.

SUPPORTING TEACHERS IN TEACHING DATA SCIENCE

Despite the growing recognition of the need for data science education, many educators face challenges in implementing effective data science curricula. Teachers report persistent low confidence in their ability to teach data analysis, technology, or statistical thinking (National Academies 2023). Furthermore, there is a shortage of standards, guidance, and instructional resources that align with the modern world of data and computing. To overcome these barriers, teacher training and instructional resources that equip educators to teach data science are essential.

MEETING THE DEMAND FOR DATA SCIENCE INSTRUCTION

In the face of growing data availability and its integral role in shaping our world, it is crucial that students are prepared to navigate and make informed decisions using data. The requirements of the Mathematics Framework aim to ensure that students develop the data literacy necessary for success in the modern world. With the right resources, training, and standards in place, we can help students become not only proficient in math and data science but also critical thinkers and informed citizens who can engage thoughtfully with society.

To see how Eureka Math^2® California Data Talks and Data Investigations support teachers in tackling Data Science in the classroom, visit https://greatminds.org/math/eurekamathsquared/california.

Resources:
Data Science for Everyone. 2023. “K–12 Implementation Models.” Accessed March 1, 2024. https://www.datascience4everyone.org/implement.

Drozda, Zarek. 2023. “Data Science Is Vital to Student Success. So Why Are Outcomes Going Down?” Data Science for Everyone. Accessed March 1, 2024. https://www.datascience4everyone.org/post/data-science-is-vital-to-student-success-so-why-are-outcomes-going-down.

Flensted, Torbjorn. 2024. “How Many People Use Google? Statistics & Facts (2024).” SEO.AI. Accessed March 1, 2024. https://seo.ai/blog/how-many-people-use-google#:~:text=Approximately%2099%2C000%20search%20queries%20are,people%20use%20Google%20each%20day.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. Foundations of Data Science for Students in Grades K–12: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/26852.

U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics. “Occupations with the Most Growth.” Last modified September 6, 2023. https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/occupations-most-job-growth.htm.